The role of a two-roll mill in this specific application is to perform high-shear mixing that integrates leather scrap fibers into a recycled EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) polymer matrix.
By utilizing two rollers rotating at different speeds—specifically a front roller at approximately 10 rpm and a rear roller at 15 rpm—the machine creates intense friction and shear force. This mechanical action forces the leather fibers to penetrate the molten polymer, ensuring a uniform blend even when high loadings of fiber are used.
Core Takeaway The two-roll mill serves as the critical "homogenization engine" for composite materials. It converts distinct raw materials—fibrous leather waste and polymer particles—into a unified, consistent matrix by using differential speed shear forces to mechanically lock the fibers within the polymer.
The Mechanics of High-Shear Mixing
Generating Shear Through Differential Speeds
The core mechanism of the two-roll mill relies on differential rotation.
According to the primary technical specifications, the front roller operates at a lower speed (e.g., 10 rpm) while the rear roller rotates faster (e.g., 15 rpm).
This speed variance creates a continuous "tearing" and folding action at the interface of the materials, which is essential for breaking down the polymer particles and leather scraps.
Controlling the Nip Gap
The distance between the two rollers, known as the nip gap, is adjustable and plays a vital role in regulating pressure.
By narrowing this gap, the operator increases the shear stress applied to the material.
This pressure ensures that the mixing occurs not just on the surface, but throughout the entire volume of the batch.
Achieving Material Homogeneity
Forcing Fiber Penetration
Simple stirring is insufficient for fibrous materials like leather scrap; they must be physically forced into the polymer.
The high shear forces generated by the mill drive the leather fibers deep into the molten EVA matrix.
This allows for "high-loadings," meaning a larger volume of waste leather can be successfully recycled without compromising the structural integrity of the composite.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Blending
The goal of this process is absolute uniformity.
At a macroscopic level, the mill ensures there are no large clumps of leather or isolated pockets of pure polymer.
At a microscopic level, it ensures that additives and fibers are thoroughly coated by the EVA, providing the necessary foundation for subsequent molding steps.
Understanding the Trade-offs
The Risk of Excessive Shear
While shear force is necessary for mixing, it is a variable that must be carefully managed.
If the shear is too aggressive (due to extreme speed differentials or an overly tight gap), you risk degrading the polymer chains or damaging the fiber length, which could weaken the final composite.
The Consequence of Inadequate Mixing
Conversely, if the speed ratio is too close (e.g., 10 rpm vs 11 rpm), the mill will fail to generate sufficient shear.
This results in poor fiber dispersion, leading to "weak spots" in the final material where the leather fibers have not properly bonded with the EVA.
Making the Right Choice for Your Goal
To maximize the effectiveness of a two-roll mill for leather/EVA composites, consider your specific processing targets:
- If your primary focus is Material Uniformity: Ensure the speed ratio between the front and rear rollers remains constant (e.g., 10:15) to maintain consistent shear forces throughout the batch.
- If your primary focus is High Fiber Loading: Prioritize precise control of the nip gap to maximize the pressure required to force dense fiber volumes into the polymer matrix.
Success in creating recycled composites depends entirely on the mill's ability to mechanically force distinct materials into a single, cohesive structure.
Summary Table:
| Parameter | Specification/Action | Impact on Composite |
|---|---|---|
| Front Roller Speed | ~10 rpm | Provides base rotation and material support |
| Rear Roller Speed | ~15 rpm | Creates differential shear to tear and blend materials |
| Nip Gap | Adjustable | Controls pressure for deep fiber penetration |
| Processing Goal | Homogenization | Ensures uniform dispersion of leather fibers in molten EVA |
| Critical Risk | Excessive Shear | Potential degradation of polymer chains or fiber length |
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References
- Shubham Sharma, Suchart Siengchin. Fabrication of Novel Polymer Composites from Leather Waste Fibers and Recycled Poly(Ethylene-Vinyl-Acetate) for Value-Added Products. DOI: 10.3390/su15054333
This article is also based on technical information from 3515 Knowledge Base .