The primary purpose of lightweight synthetic ropes in an ankle exoskeleton is to enable efficient torque transmission across the ankle joint while significantly reducing the device's mass. By connecting the heel section to the Bowden cable system, these ropes utilize the lever principle to convert mechanical pull into support without the burden of heavy, rigid linkages.
By balancing high tensile strength with low mass, synthetic ropes solve the critical engineering challenge of providing durable structural support that does not weigh down the user during movement.
Mechanics of Torque Transmission
The Lever Principle
The ropes are strategically installed at the heel to create a mechanical advantage. By pulling on the heel, the system employs the lever principle to effectively transmit torque across the ankle center. This converts linear force into the rotational movement required to assist walking.
Integration with Bowden Cables
These ropes function as the terminal connection of the Bowden cable system. They translate the force generated by the actuator and routed through the cables into direct action at the heel, ensuring a seamless transfer of energy.
Why Material Choice Matters
Minimizing Metabolic Cost
A heavy exoskeleton can increase the energy a user spends just to carry it. Synthetic ropes are utilized specifically to reduce the overall weight of the system compared to metal rods or gears. This lightweight design helps minimize the metabolic penalty on the wearer.
Ensuring Structural Reliability
Despite their low weight, these materials are selected for their high tensile strength. Walking generates frequent and intense tensile stress; the ropes must withstand these repeated high-load cycles to ensure the device remains structurally reliable and safe.
Understanding the Trade-offs
Reliance on Tension
Unlike rigid components, ropes can only transmit force when pulled. The system relies entirely on tensile stress to operate, meaning it is effective for active assistance during specific phases of gait (like push-off) but offers no support against compressive forces.
Durability Under Stress
While the reference highlights "structural reliability," the reliance on ropes implies a specific wear profile. Because they are subjected to intense frequent stress, the system's longevity depends entirely on the rope's resistance to stretching or snapping under peak loads.
Making the Right Choice for Your Design
When evaluating the transmission system of a wearable robot, consider how the components balance power with usability.
- If your primary focus is user agility: Prioritize lightweight synthetic materials to reduce inertia and wearer fatigue.
- If your primary focus is force transmission: Ensure the chosen material possesses sufficient tensile strength to handle the peak torque requirements of the lever system without failure.
The ideal design leverages the flexibility of synthetic ropes to deliver robust support that feels nearly weightless to the user.
Summary Table:
| Feature | Benefit in Ankle Exoskeleton |
|---|---|
| Material | Lightweight Synthetic Rope |
| Mechanical Principle | Lever Principle (Torque Transmission) |
| Key Advantage | Reduced Mass & Lower Metabolic Cost |
| Force Type | High Tensile Strength (Tension-only) |
| Primary Goal | Efficient energy transfer during gait push-off |
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References
- Wei Wang, Jingtai Liu. Improving Walking Economy With an Ankle Exoskeleton Prior to Human-in-the-Loop Optimization. DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2021.797147
This article is also based on technical information from 3515 Knowledge Base .
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