Isolating the hardware's physical footprint is the critical objective of comparing Bare and Passive modes. This comparison specifically evaluates how the exoskeleton's intrinsic physical properties—such as weight, inertia, and mechanical resistance—alter the wearer's natural gait when the assistance is inactive.
By measuring the difference between natural movement (Bare) and movement with the inactive device (Passive), engineers can quantify the physical "cost" of wearing the robot. This baseline data is essential for optimizing hardware to ensure the exoskeleton does not fight the wearer before it even begins to assist them.
Quantifying Physical Impact
Measuring Weight and Inertia
The primary goal of this comparison is to isolate the effects of the device's mass.
By comparing these modes, researchers can determine if the weight and inertia of the exoskeleton create an undue burden on the user's limbs.
Identifying Mechanical Resistance
Even when motors are turned off, the joints of an exoskeleton create friction.
This evaluation reveals the level of mechanical resistance inherent in the system, showing how much effort the user must exert simply to move the machine's joints.
The Pursuit of "Transparency"
Minimizing Interference
The ultimate goal of hardware optimization is to reduce the device's interference with original movement patterns.
Data derived from this comparison guides engineers in refining the design so the device interferes as little as possible with the wearer's natural biomechanics.
Enhancing Interaction Quality
A wearable robot should feel like an extension of the body, not an obstacle.
Reducing the gap between Bare and Passive performance leads to higher transparency, resulting in better interaction quality between the human and the machine.
Understanding the Trade-offs
The Burden of Structure
While the goal is to make the Passive mode feel identical to the Bare mode, physical reality imposes limits.
A device requires a certain amount of structural rigidity to support the user, which inevitably adds weight and potential restriction.
The Consequence of Poor Metrics
If the Passive mode diverges significantly from the Bare mode, the exoskeleton's motors must waste energy compensating for the device's own poor mechanics.
This results in a system that is less efficient, as the assistance is partially consumed by overcoming the device's own physical flaws rather than helping the user.
Making the Right Choice for Your Goal
To utilize this comparison effectively in your own evaluations, consider your specific objectives:
- If your primary focus is Hardware Design: Focus on reducing weight and joint friction to minimize the deviation between Bare and Passive kinematic data.
- If your primary focus is Control Strategy: Use the Passive mode data to calculate exactly how much torque your motors must apply just to cancel out the device's inherent resistance.
The most successful exoskeletons are those where the Passive mode is statistically almost indistinguishable from the Bare mode.
Summary Table:
| Mode | Assistance | Hardware Presence | Purpose of Measurement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bare Mode | None | No Device | Establish baseline for natural human biomechanics. |
| Passive Mode | None (Off) | Device Worn | Quantify weight, inertia, and mechanical resistance. |
| Difference | N/A | N/A | Identify the physical 'cost' and interference of the hardware. |
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References
- Denis Mosconi, Adriano A. G. Siqueira. Exploring Human–Exoskeleton Interaction Dynamics: An In-Depth Analysis of Knee Flexion–Extension Performance across Varied Robot Assistance–Resistance Configurations. DOI: 10.3390/s24082645
This article is also based on technical information from 3515 Knowledge Base .
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